{"id":1188,"date":"2017-01-27T12:36:03","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T11:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/?p=1188"},"modified":"2019-09-19T08:41:01","modified_gmt":"2019-09-19T07:41:01","slug":"sistemas-control-industrial-vulnerabilidades","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/ca\/sistemas-control-industrial-vulnerabilidades\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemes de control industrial: vulnerabilitats i solucions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En el nou segle, el control industrial s'uneix a les TIC utilitzant mitjans cablejats -,,es,i m\u00e9s recentment sense fil,,es,- i mitjan\u00e7ant la suite TCP \/ IP. Aix\u00f2, a m\u00e9s de les grans avantatges que mostra, tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9, per desgr\u00e0cia, alguns inconvenients. Per a aix\u00f2, cal estudiar a fons els,,es,sistemes de control industrial: les seves vulnerabilitats i solucions,,es,Vulnerabilitats dels sistemes de control industrial,,es,No obstant aix\u00f2, aquesta nova i beneficiosa uni\u00f3, t\u00e9, com hem dit, un gran inconvenient:,,es,les vulnerabilitats,,es,infraestructures industrials,,es<em>i, m\u00e9s recentment, sense fils<\/em>\u2013 i a trav\u00e9s de la suite TCP\/IP. Tot i que aix\u00f2 ofereix avantatges significatius, tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9, malauradament, alguns inconvenients. Per aquest motiu, cal estudiar en profunditat el <b>Sistemes de control industrial: les seves vulnerabilitats i solucions<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Vulnerabilitats en sistemes de control industrial<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Tanmateix, aquesta associaci\u00f3 innovadora i beneficiosa t\u00e9, com ja hem dit, un gran inconvenient: <strong>las vulnerabilidades<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Las <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">infraestructura industrial<\/span> es tornen cr\u00edtiques i necessiten extremar la precauci\u00f3 doncs, en formar part d'un SCI l'afecten les vulnerabilitats d'aquest. Aix\u00ed, la beneficiosa uni\u00f3 d'aquests elements es torna tot un risc que cal estudiar i aturar.,,es,Va ser en el 2011 quan les,,es,vulnerabilitats dels sistemes de control industrial,,es,es van fer latents, amb l'atac a,,es,Natanz,,en,. Des de llavors, l'alerta \u00e9s m\u00e0xima i realitzar les,,es,auditories de xarxa i seguretat,,es,corresponents per estar al tant en aquest tema \u00e9s imprescindible.,,es,Analitzar les vulnerabilitats,,es,Hi vulnerabilitats a nivell organitzatiu. Algunes s\u00f3n:,,es,Que no hi hagi una normativa interna de disseny de sistemes OT.,,es,Que no hi hagi,,es,sistemes de monitoritzaci\u00f3,,es,adequats.,,es<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Fue en el 2011 cuando las <b>vulnerabilitats en sistemes de control industrial<\/b> es va fer evident amb l'atac a <em>Natanz<\/em>. Des de llavors, el nivell d'alerta ha estat al seu nivell m\u00e9s alt i duent a terme el <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/ca\/auditorias-seguridad-redes\/\">Auditories de xarxa i seguretat<\/a> \u00c9s essencial mantenir-se al dia amb la informaci\u00f3 rellevant sobre aquest tema.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1193\" src=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/conexiones-redes.jpg\" alt=\"Estudio de las conexiones red\" width=\"850\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/conexiones-redes.jpg 850w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/conexiones-redes-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/conexiones-redes-768x323.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p5\">Analitzant vulnerabilitats<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">Hi ha vulnerabilitats a nivell organitzatiu. Aquestes inclouen:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\">No hi ha directrius internes per al disseny de sistemes OT.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Que no existan <strong>sistemes de monitoratge<\/strong> adecuados.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Que s'hagin realitzat o s'estiguin realitzant testeos inadequats.,,es,Que hi hagi escassetat o fins i tot abs\u00e8ncia de procediments de control adequats per modificar programaris, maquinaris, documentaci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica o firmwares.,,es,Que no hi hagi redund\u00e0ncia d'equips cr\u00edtics.,,es,Que s'estigui duent a terme una pol\u00edtica per,,es,sistemes de control i automatitzaci\u00f3,,es,inadequada.,,es,Que no es dugui a terme un bon manteniment, revisions adequades ni es parcheen els equips quan cal.,,es,Que la guia d'implantaci\u00f3 de,,es,equipament OT,,bg,sigui altament deficient -fins i tot de vegades inexistent-.,,es,D'altra banda, tenim les vulnerabilitats tecnol\u00f2giques o t\u00e8cniques:,,es<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Pot haver-hi una manca, o fins i tot una abs\u00e8ncia completa, de procediments de control adequats per modificar el programari, el maquinari, la documentaci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica o el microprogramari.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">No hi pot haver cap redund\u00e0ncia en l'equipament cr\u00edtic.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Que s'est\u00e0 implementant una pol\u00edtica per a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">sistemes de control i automatitzaci\u00f3<\/span> inadecuada.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Incumpliment de dur a terme un manteniment adequat, inspeccions suficients o d'aplicar pegats a l'equipament quan sigui necessari.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Que la guia d'implementaci\u00f3 per a <em>equipamiento OT<\/em> hi manca greument \u2013 i de vegades fins i tot \u00e9s inexistent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\">D'altra banda, hi ha vulnerabilitats tecnol\u00f2giques o t\u00e8cniques:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\">No millorar les configuracions per defecte dels fabricants de programari, realitzant instal\u00b7lacions i execucions sense personalitzar.,,es,No definir els per\u00edmetres de xarxa o fer-ho de manera ineficient.,,es,Que no hi hagi,,es,control de fluxos de comunicacions,,es,Que es facin servir protocols insegurs, com OPC, Profibus, Modbus ...,,es,Que els accessos f\u00edsics i remots siguin inapropiats o s'hagin configurat malament.,,es,Tenir equips no actualitzades.,,es,Que hi hagi funcionalitats innecess\u00e0ries instal\u00b7lades en equips cr\u00edtics.,,es,Proposar i dur a terme les millors solucions,,es,Per eliminar aquestes vulnerabilitats, o per evitar-les si no existeixen, cal comen\u00e7ar, com hem dit, per contractar un servei d'auditoria.,,es,El primer pas ser\u00e0 sempre determinar quines,,es,nivell de protecci\u00f3 i,,es<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">No definir els per\u00edmetres de la xarxa, o fer-ho de manera ineficient.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Que no haya <strong>Control de flux de comunicacions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">L'\u00fas de protocols insegurs, com ara OPC, Profibus, Modbus\u2026<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">L'acc\u00e9s f\u00edsic i remot pot ser inadequat o haver estat configurat incorrectament.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Tenir equipament obsolet.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\">Es poden instal\u00b7lar caracter\u00edstiques innecess\u00e0ries en equips cr\u00edtics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p4\">Propondre i implementar les millors solucions<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">Per eliminar aquestes vulnerabilitats, o per prevenir-les si no existeixen, cal, com ja hem dit, comen\u00e7ar per encarregar un servei d'auditoria.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">El primer pas sempre ser\u00e0 determinar qu\u00e8 <strong>nivell de protecci\u00f3 i <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/ca\/ciberseguridad-industrial\/\">ciberseguretat<\/a><\/strong> es vol assolir. Aix\u00ed, s'establir\u00e0 una periodicitat per dur a terme altres auditories de control i millorar la seguretat i l'efici\u00e8ncia dels serveis.,,es,Per a aix\u00f2, i tenint en compte que les pr\u00f2pies,,es,auditories de xarxa,,es,comporten perills, l'ideal \u00e9s realitzar-les en un entorn de laboratori o de preproducci\u00f3. El problema d'aix\u00f2 que \u00e9s en molts casos no \u00e9s possible crear una r\u00e8plica exacta de l'entorn real i aquest, irremeiablement, queda exposat.,,es,Un cop analitzat l'entorn, es proposen les solucions de sistemes m\u00e9s adients en cada cas. Algunes seran fer una segmentaci\u00f3 segons la criticitat i els nivells de confian\u00e7a, instal\u00b7lar i activar,,es,tallafocs,,en<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1194\" src=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sistemas-redes.jpg\" alt=\"Conexiones de redes\" width=\"850\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sistemas-redes.jpg 850w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sistemas-redes-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sistemas-redes-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Amb aquesta finalitat, i tenint en compte que el mateix <em>auditor\u00edas de red<\/em>\u00a0Com que impliquen riscos, \u00e9s millor dur-los a terme en un laboratori o en un entorn de preproducci\u00f3. El problema d'aix\u00f2 \u00e9s que, en molts casos, no \u00e9s possible crear una r\u00e8plica exacta de l'entorn real, que per tant queda inevitablement exposat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Un cop s'ha analitzat l'entorn, es proposen les solucions de sistema m\u00e9s adequades per a cada cas. Algunes d'aquestes implicaran segmentar el sistema segons la criticitat i els nivells de confian\u00e7a, i instal\u00b7lar i activar <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cortafuegos_(inform%C3%A1tica)\" target=\"_blank\"><em>firewalls<\/em><\/a> que capen l'activitat d'equips que no siguin de confian\u00e7a, la,,es,utilitzaci\u00f3 de gateways unidireccionals,,es,que converteixin els sistemes de control en inaccessibles, IPSS que parcheen les vulnerabilitats, bloqueig de processos que no estiguin autoritzats ...,,es,Les vulnerablidades i solucions dels sistemes de control industrial poden ser molt variables pel que el primer pas -i completament necessari- \u00e9s realitzar una,,es,bona auditoria de xarxa i seguretat que determini la situaci\u00f3,,es,actual abans de passar a l'acci\u00f3.,,es,2017-01-27T16: 11: 32 00: 00,,zh-CN,Com millorar la seguretat de les comunicacions industrials (part 2),,es,19 de de juliol de 2017,,en,5a de juliol de, 2017,,en,9,,en,Sistemes de control industrial: vulnerabilitats i solucions | NetCloud Engineering,,es <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u00fas de passarel\u00b7les unidireccionals<\/span> que fan inaccessibles els sistemes de control, IPS que apliquen pegats a les vulnerabilitats, bloquejant processos no autoritzats\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Les vulnerabilitats i solucions relacionades amb els sistemes de control industrial poden variar molt; per tant, el primer \u2013 i absolutament essencial \u2013 pas \u00e9s dur a terme un <strong>una auditoria exhaustiva de la xarxa i la seguretat per avaluar la situaci\u00f3 actual<\/strong> actualitzat abans d'actuar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En el nuevo siglo, el control industrial se une a las TIC utilizando medios cableados &#8211;y m\u00e1s recientemente inal\u00e1mbricos&#8211; y mediante la suite TCP\/IP. Esto, adem\u00e1s de las grandes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":1192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[27,29,28],"class_list":["post-1188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auditoria-redes-telecomunicaciones","tag-auditoria","tag-control-industrial","tag-sistemas-de-redes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sistemas de control industrial: vulnerabilidades y soluciones | NetCloud Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Es necesario estudiar a fondo los sistemas de control industrial: sus vulnerabilidades y soluciones para poder detectar los problemas con antelaci\u00f3n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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