{"id":1514,"date":"2017-09-18T09:56:02","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T08:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/?p=1514"},"modified":"2019-09-19T08:41:07","modified_gmt":"2019-09-19T07:41:07","slug":"protocolos-redundantes-prp-hsr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/ca\/protocolos-redundantes-prp-hsr\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocols de comunicaci\u00f3 industrials redundants PRP i HSR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">En establir la comunicaci\u00f3 entre servidors i xarxes industrials, es poden utilitzar dos tipus de protocols, i s\u00f3n els que tractarem avui: <b>Protocols de comunicaci\u00f3 industrials redundants PRP i HSR<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p4\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo son PRP y HSR?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Explicarem com funcionen i quines s\u00f3n les seves caracter\u00edstiques. <strong>els dos protocols de comunicaci\u00f3 industrial redundant m\u00e9s importants<\/strong> en la <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/ca\/consultoria-redes-telecomunicaciones\/\">comunicaci\u00f3 industrial<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p5\">Protocolo PRP<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>PRP<\/strong> garanteix una alta disponibilitat i redueix el temps que triga la xarxa a recuperar-se, reduint aix\u00ed tamb\u00e9 el temps de transmissi\u00f3 a zero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Es basa en l'\u00fas de dues xarxes, LAN A i LAN B, que s\u00f3n independents a tots els nivells i reben el mateix missatge al mateix temps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Un marc amb les mateixes adreces MAC i IP s'enviar\u00e0 a trav\u00e9s de les dues interf\u00edcies, per\u00f2 en ports diferents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1517 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/PRP-HSR-RSTP-protocolos.jpg\" alt=\"Protocolos de comunicaci\u00f3n industrial\" width=\"486\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/PRP-HSR-RSTP-protocolos.jpg 486w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/PRP-HSR-RSTP-protocolos-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">No importa si aquest protocol s'utilitza o no; la configuraci\u00f3 del <a href=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/ca\/redes-industriales-ethernet\/\">xarxes industrials<\/a> i no cal canviar els encaminadors. Es mantindr\u00e0 una lat\u00e8ncia similar en ambd\u00f3s, tot i que no ser\u00e0 exactament la mateixa, at\u00e8s que hi haur\u00e0 una difer\u00e8ncia de temps en el segon marc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Aquest protocol est\u00e0 encapsulat dins d'un marc de xarxa IP, cosa que ens permet utilitzar-lo de manera transparent, de manera que tant els dispositius PRP com aquells que no utilitzen PRP puguin comunicar-se a trav\u00e9s seu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Per tant, \u00e9s possible que ens trobem amb dos tipus de dispositiu per a cadascuna de les xarxes: un amb redund\u00e0ncia integrada (DANP) i un altre sense (SAN).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p6\"><i>Dispositivos DANP<\/i><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Aquests dispositius del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redeweb.com\/articulos\/memoria\/iec-62439-3-hsr-y-prp-protocolos-para-redes-ethernet-redundantes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>protocolo PRP<\/em><\/a> Implementen una operaci\u00f3 addicional espec\u00edfica del protocol en si mateixa, executada mitjan\u00e7ant una LRE que \u00e9s responsable de duplicar marcs i gestionar marcs redundants, tot mantenint-se transparent per a les altres capes de l'OSI a la capa 2. La LRE:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Rep un rastreig de connexi\u00f3 de capa 3. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Respon creant dos marcs nous i afegint bytes RCT despr\u00e9s de l'encap\u00e7alament IP.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Envia els marcs pel port corresponent a les dues xarxes independents.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Al receptor, s'elimina la RCT i el marc tamb\u00e9 s'encamina cap a les capes superiors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">El rebuig de fotogrames s'efectua habitualment per eliminar els fotogrames duplicats de la LRE.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"p5\">Protocolo HSR<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>HSR \u00e9s un protocol redundant, com el PRP.<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 garanteix una alta disponibilitat alhora que redueix a zero tant el temps de recuperaci\u00f3 de la xarxa com el temps de transmissi\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">En aquest cas, es basa en la redund\u00e0ncia dins del dispositiu, convertint un marc de capa 3 en dos HSR id\u00e8ntics que s'envien a trav\u00e9s dels dos ports del dispositiu cap a una xarxa de topologia d'anell, per\u00f2 en direccions oposades. Els dispositius connectats a aquesta xarxa es coneixen com a DANHs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Tot i que tamb\u00e9 opera a la capa 2, la <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-availability_Seamless_Redundancy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>protocolo HSR<\/em><\/a> Modificar\u00e0 els encap\u00e7alaments dels marcs Ethernet afegint els nous camps; per aix\u00f2 nom\u00e9s hi ha de haver nodes DANH.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1516 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/HSR-protocolo-redundante.jpg\" alt=\"Protocolo de comunicaci\u00f3n industrial HSR\" width=\"840\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/HSR-protocolo-redundante.jpg 840w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/HSR-protocolo-redundante-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/netcloudengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/HSR-protocolo-redundante-768x658.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Les difer\u00e8ncies m\u00e9s notables en comparaci\u00f3 amb el protocol PRP s\u00f3n:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Nom\u00e9s hi ha una LAN amb topologia d'anell.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Qualsevol dispositiu entendr\u00e0 el protocol; s\u00f3n nodes DANH.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Els commutadors, que s\u00f3n commutadors SAN, no s'introdueixen en l'anell.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Els dispositius envien i reben marcs, amb una funci\u00f3 addicional que actua com a pont.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Tingueu en compte que els dispositius SAN es poden convertir en VAND, amb suport per als protocols HSR i PRP, de la manera seg\u00fcent:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Independentment del dispositiu al qual estan mirallats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Reutilitzable, canviant entre dispositius, protocols o xarxes segons calgui.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">A m\u00e9s, segons la seva configuraci\u00f3:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Ens permetran triar el protocol de sortida.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Al mateix temps, dupliquen els dissenys per a diferents dispositius.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">Es poden reconfigurar de manera remota, permetent eliminar dispositius redundants sense cap temps d'inactivitat ni reconnexi\u00f3 manual.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\">La seguretat tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s configurable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A la hora de establecer comunicaci\u00f3n entre servidores\/redes industriales se pueden usar dos tipos de protocolos, que son de los que hablaremos hoy: protocolos redundantes de comunicaci\u00f3n industrial PRP [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":1518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,43],"tags":[67,66,39],"class_list":["post-1514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auditoria-redes-telecomunicaciones","category-consultoria-de-redes","tag-protocolo-hsr","tag-protocolo-prp","tag-redes-industriales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Protocolos redundantes de comunicaci\u00f3n industrial PRP y HSR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Te contamos c\u00f3mo funcionan y cu\u00e1les son las caracter\u00edsticas 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